Section Article

An Innovative Clustering-Based Energy-Efficient Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks with Diverse Nodes
Author(s): Jagjeet Khurana

Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a fundamental technology enabling intelligent monitoring systems across numerous application domains including environmental surveillance industrial automation structural monitoring agricultural systems and military sensing environments. The increasing scale and complexity of these networks have intensified the demand for energy-efficient communication algorithms capable of sustaining long-term operation despite the inherent limitations of sensor nodes. These nodes typically possess constrained battery energy limited transmission range restricted computational resources and varying sensing capacities necessitating clustering-based communication to minimize redundant transmissions and prolong network lifespan. Traditional clustering algorithms though effective in simple and homogeneous environments face considerable challenges when deployed in heterogeneous WSNs that contain nodes with diverse energy levels sensing rates and mobility patterns. As a result the design of an innovative clustering-based energy-efficient algorithm capable of adapting to network diversity has become increasingly important for achieving optimal performance.