Section Article

Electoral Politics and Democratic Participation in India: A Critical Analysis
Author(s): Om Parkash

Abstract
India the world’s largest democracy presents a complex and dynamic picture of electoral politics and democratic participation. Since its independence the country has held regular elections at multiple levels of governance showcasing a vibrant yet contested democratic process. Despite the institutional robustness of its electoral system the quality and inclusiveness of democratic participation remain areas of critical concern. This paper analyzes the evolution of electoral politics in India and examines the structural social and institutional factors that shape voter behavior political representation and participatory democracy. It explores how caste class religion region and gender intersect with electoral practices assesses the role of political parties and electoral institutions and scrutinizes the impact of media money and technology on the democratic process. Through a critical lens the paper argues that while India’s elections continue to demonstrate mass participation the deeper ideals of democracy—such as accountability deliberation and inclusion—require renewed attention and structural reform.