Section Article

EXAMINING THE NATIONALISM ADVOCATED BY SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE
Author(s): Kavita Panchal

Abstract
Environmental sustainability has emerged as a critical concern for businesses globally reflecting both regulatory pressures and societal expectations. Accounting practices that measure report and evaluate environmental impact play a central role in ensuring transparency accountability and strategic decision-making for sustainable development. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of environmental accounting practices from a sustainability perspective examining frameworks methodologies and implementation challenges. Drawing on empirical research scholarly literature and global reporting standards published prior to 2021 the study emphasizes the integration of environmental metrics into organizational accounting systems highlighting the role of disclosure reporting accuracy and performance evaluation in advancing corporate sustainability. The study investigates various accounting approaches including Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) Life Cycle Costing (LCC) Carbon Accounting and Sustainability Reporting frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and ISO 14001 environmental management standards. These approaches provide organizations with tools to quantify environmental costs assess resource efficiency and evaluate ecological impacts of operations products and services. The research also explores the adoption of these practices across industries particularly in high-impact sectors such as manufacturing energy and agriculture where environmental footprints are significant. A critical focus of the study is the alignment between accounting practices and sustainable development objectives. Effective environmental accounting enables organizations to internalize ecological costs optimize resource use and reduce negative environmental externalities. The study identifies key determinants of successful implementation including managerial commitment stakeholder engagement regulatory compliance technological integration and employee capacity building. Furthermore the research addresses challenges such as data availability methodological inconsistencies cost-benefit trade-offs and the need for harmonization of reporting standards. Findings indicate that while environmental accounting has evolved substantially significant gaps remain in measurement precision standardization and integration with financial reporting. Organizations that adopt comprehensive forward-looking accounting practices demonstrate enhanced sustainability performance improved stakeholder trust and better compliance with regulatory frameworks. Conversely partial or inconsistent implementation undermines the potential benefits of environmental accounting limiting its effectiveness in guiding sustainable decision-making. The study underscores the importance of continuous improvement capacity development and policy support to promote robust accounting practices that align corporate strategies with environmental stewardship. By systematically analyzing environmental accounting practices their methodological frameworks and practical applications this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of how organizations can effectively integrate sustainability into accounting processes. The research highlights both theoretical insights and practical implications offering guidance for businesses regulators and scholars seeking to enhance environmental accountability and promote long-term ecological and economic sustainability.