Section Article

Federalism and Centre-State Relations in Indian Political Framework
Author(s): Gopal Ray

Abstract
India’s political framework is constitutionally described as a union of states with a federal structure that incorporates a strong central government. The dynamic interplay between the Centre and the states defines the countrys governance development and democratic stability. Over the decades this federal balance has been shaped by historical legacies constitutional provisions political alignments and socio-economic disparities. This paper critically analyzes the nature evolution and present state of federalism in India. It explores constitutional foundations fiscal arrangements judicial interpretations political dynamics and intergovernmental mechanisms. The paper argues that while Indian federalism has proven resilient and adaptable it remains vulnerable to centralizing tendencies and political manipulation. Effective federal governance in India requires a reinvigoration of cooperative federalism institutional reform and a normative commitment to democratic decentralization.