Section Article

India’s Foreign Policy in the 21st Century: Opportunities and Challenges
Author(s): Ravi Parshad

Abstract
India’s foreign policy in the 21st century has been shaped by a dynamic global order characterized by geopolitical shifts economic interdependence and evolving security challenges. As a rising power India has pursued a strategic approach to diplomacy focusing on economic growth regional stability and global governance. This paper examines the key opportunities and challenges that define India’s foreign policy including its engagement with major global powers regional dynamics in South Asia economic diplomacy and defense strategies. It explores India’s role in multilateral organizations its diplomatic initiatives like Act East Policy and Neighborhood First and its response to emerging security threats such as cyber warfare and terrorism. Additionally this study assesses the impact of global events including the U.S.-China rivalry climate change and technological advancements on India’s strategic decision-making. The paper concludes by highlighting policy recommendations to navigate these challenges and optimize opportunities for India’s continued rise on the global stage.