Section Article

SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR INFORMAL LABOURERS IN INDIA
Author(s): Dr. Kunal Kapoor

Abstract
Informal labour forms the backbone of India’s economy encompassing millions of workers engaged in unorganized sectors such as street vending domestic work construction agriculture and small-scale manufacturing. Despite contributing substantially to national GDP and supporting urban and rural livelihoods informal labourers often remain deprived of social security benefits minimum wages and occupational safety measures. In response the Indian government has implemented various social protection schemes designed to improve access to healthcare pensions insurance maternity benefits skill development and financial inclusion. This research paper examines the efficacy and reach of social protection mechanisms for informal labourers highlighting the legal frameworks policy instruments and institutional mechanisms in place. It further analyzes the challenges associated with implementation coverage gaps awareness deficits and regional disparities. The study also investigates the role of technology public-private partnerships and community-based organizations in extending social security to informal workers. Using both qualitative and quantitative data from government reports surveys and academic studies the research evaluates the effectiveness limitations and future directions of social protection for informal labourers in India. The broader aim is to assess whether existing policies provide substantive social security and to propose strategic interventions for enhancing coverage equity and sustainability.