Section Article

The Concept of Secularism in Indian Political Discourse
Author(s): Ujagar Boos

Abstract
This research paper offers an in-depth analysis of the concept of secularism as it has been understood debated and implemented within Indian political discourse. Unlike the Western model of strict separation between state and religion Indian secularism often characterized as sarva dharma sambhava (equal respect for all religions) embodies a unique approach of principled distance and equal state patronage. The study traces the historical evolution of this concept from its philosophical underpinnings in ancient Indian traditions to its formal constitutional embodiment and subsequent interpretations by the judiciary and political actors. It critically examines the challenges and controversies that have shaped the discourse including the tensions between religious freedom and state intervention the politics of minority rights and the rise of majoritarian nationalism. Furthermore the paper explores the contemporary relevance and resilience of Indian secularism in the face of ongoing political social and cultural transformations. Ultimately this analysis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the distinctiveness of Indian secularism and its enduring significance in shaping the nations identity and political trajectory.