Section Article

The Evolution of Female Protagonists in Indian Cinema
Author(s): Jagpal Singh

Abstract
Indian cinema has played a significant role in shaping societal perceptions of gender roles and female representation. Over the decades the portrayal of female protagonists in films has undergone a substantial transformation reflecting broader socio-cultural shifts in Indian society. From early films where women were depicted as passive domesticated figures to modern-day representations of independent assertive characters Indian cinema has evolved to reflect changing gender dynamics. This research paper examines the historical progression of female protagonists in Indian films analyzing how their representation has shifted across different eras the impact of feminism and global influences and the challenges that persist in achieving gender equality on-screen. By exploring key films cinematic movements and audience reception this study highlights how cinema both shapes and is shaped by evolving societal attitudes toward women.