Section Article

THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF EXPANDING INDIA’S INLAND WATERWAY SYSTEM
Author(s): Shivkant Singh

Abstract
India’s inland waterway system represents a critical infrastructure component with significant potential to enhance economic growth reduce logistics costs promote sustainable transport and support regional development. Post-2021 studies indicate that inland waterways provide a cost-effective energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative to road and rail transport particularly for bulk cargo and long-distance freight movement. This research explores the potential benefits of expanding India’s inland waterway system including reduced transportation costs improved supply chain efficiency lower carbon emissions enhanced regional connectivity and stimulation of local economies. Simultaneously the study examines the multifaceted challenges associated with waterway expansion such as inadequate infrastructure seasonal water level fluctuations regulatory and inter-agency coordination issues environmental concerns and limited public-private investment. Utilizing post-2021 government reports policy analyses and academic literature this study integrates quantitative data on cargo movement cost comparisons and environmental impact with qualitative insights from stakeholders including policymakers logistics operators and environmental experts. Findings suggest that strategic development of inland waterways combined with investment in supporting infrastructure digital navigation systems and regulatory reforms can significantly enhance India’s transport efficiency and sustainability. The research also emphasizes the importance of balancing economic operational and environmental considerations to ensure successful and sustainable expansion of the inland waterway network. Recommendations focus on phased infrastructure development multimodal integration stakeholder collaboration and policy incentives to address challenges while maximizing the benefits of inland waterway transportation in India’s post-2021 economic landscape.